Îñíîâíûå ñîþçû âñåõ óñëîâíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå: “if” (åñëè) in case - â ñëó÷àå åñëè, íà ...

Îñíîâíûå ñîþçû âñåõ óñëîâíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå:

“if” (åñëè)

in case - â ñëó÷àå åñëè, íà òîò ñëó÷àé åñëè

suppose (that) - ïðåäïîëîæèì, ÷òî

on condition (that) – ïðè óñëîâèè ÷òî

provided (that) – ïðè óñëîâèè ÷òî,è ò.ä.

Óñëîâíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñ ñîþçîì if

Ðåàëüíîå íàñòîÿùåå

Íàñòîÿùåå óñëîâíîå âûðàæàåò îáûäåííîñòü è àêñèîìû, ãäå if ðàâíîçíà÷åí when/whenever.

If it rains, roads get slippery and dangerous – Åñëè äîæäèò, òî äîðîãè ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ñêîëüçêèìè è îïàñíûìè

Ðåàëüíîå áóäóùåå

Áóäóùåå óñëîâíîå âûðàæàåò íàñòîÿùå-áóäóùóþ âåðîÿòíîñòü è ðåàëüíîñòü.

If we work hard, we’ll finish the project on time – Åñëè ïîäíàæì¸ì, òî çàêîí÷èì ïðîåêò âîâðåìÿ

If I win the money, I’ll buy a new car – Åñëè âûèãðàþ äåíüãè, êóïëþ íîâóþ ìàøèíó

Íåðåàëüíîå íàñòîÿùåå

Íåðåàëüíî-íàñòîÿùåå óñëîâíîå âûðàæàåò íàñòîÿùóþ íåðåàëüíîñòü (ìàëîâåðîÿòíîå íàñòîÿùå-áóäóùåå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå) è ñîâåò. Çäåñü was çàìåíÿåì íà were, îáÿçàòåëüíûé ïîñëå I.

If I didn’t have to work such long hours, I wouldn’t be so tired –
Íå ïðèõîäèñü ìíå ñòîëüêî ðàáîòàòü, ÿ áû íå òàê óñòàâàë

If I met Brad Pitt, I would ask him for his autograph –
Âñòðåòü ÿ Áðýäà Ïèòà, ïîïðîñèë áû ó íåãî àâòîãðàô

If Andrew was taller, he could be a basketball player –
Áóäü Ýíäðþ ïîâûøå, ñòàë áû áàñêåòáîëèñòîì

If I were you, I wouldn’t travel on my own –
Íà òâî¸ì ìåñòå ÿ áû íå ïóòåøåñòâîâàë îäèí

Íåðåàëüíîå ïðîøëîå

Íåðåàëüíî-ïðîøåäøåå óñëîâíîå âûðàæàåò ïðîøåäøóþ íåðåàëüíîñòü (ìàëîâåðîÿòíîå ïðîøåäøåå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå) è ñîæàëåíèå èëè êðèòèêó.

If I had been more careful, I wouldn’t have made such a big mistake – Áóäü ÿ òîãäà âíèìàòåëüíåå, íå íàïîðòà÷èë áû

If she hadn’t fallen down the stairs, she wouldn’t have broken her arm – Íå óïàäè îíà òîãäà ñ ëåñòíèöû, íå õîäèëà áû ñî ñëîìàííîé ðóêîé

Âåæëèâîå óñëîâíîå â àíãëèéñêîì

Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ñîäåðæàò will/would äëÿ âåæëèâûõ ïðîñüá, âûðàæåíèÿ íàñòîé÷èâîñòè/íåîïðåäåë¸ííîñòè è should äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ìàëîâåðîÿòíîñòè. Çäåñü if ðàâíîçíà÷åí whether, îáû÷íî â âûðàæåíèÿõ òèïà I don’t know / doubt / wonder.

If you will wait a minute, Mr Carrington will be able to see you – Åñëè Âàñ íå çàòðóäíèò ïîäîæäàòü ìèíóòî÷êó, ìèñòåð Êýððèíãòîí ñìîæåò Âàñ ïðèíÿòü

If you will go on making so much noise, I’ll send you out –
À áóäåòå ïðîäîëæàòü øóìåòü, âûãîíþ âîí.

I wonder if he’ll call me tomorrow –
Èíòåðåñíî, ïîçâîíèò îí ìíå çàâòðà?

If Paul should turn up, tell him to wait for me – Åñëè Ïîë âäðóã îáúÿâèòñÿ, ñêàæèòå ìíå ïîäîæäàòü ìåíÿ.

Îáðàòíîå óñëîâíîå

Ìîæíî îïóñêàòü if äë èíâåðñèè â ôîðìàëüíûõ áóäóùèõ è íåðåàëüíûõ óñëîâíûõ.

Should he fail to be reelected, it would be a great disappointment to him.

Ñìåøàííûå óñëîâíûå

Ìîæíî ñìåøèâàòü óñëîâíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî êîíòåêñòó ïóò¸ì ñî÷åòàíèÿ if-ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïåðâîãî òèïà ñ îñíîâíûìè ïîäïðåäëîæåíèÿìè äðóãîãî.

If she got back late last night, she won’t come to work today –
Åñëè áû â÷åðà îíà çàÿâèëàñü ïîçäíî, òî ñåãîäíÿ åé áûëî áû íå äî ðàáîòû

If you were more sensible, you wouldn’t have spoken to you boss like that –
Áóäü òû ïîðàçóìíåé, òî íå íàãðóáèë áû íà÷àëüíèêó

If she hadn’t missed the bus, she would be here now –
Íå îïîçäàé îíà òîãäà íà àâòîáóñ, ñåé÷àñ áûëà áû óæå çäåñü

Óñëîâíûå âûðàæåíèÿ

unless
Unless you help me, I won’t finish on time – Åñëè íå âûðó÷èøü, ÿ íå çàêîí÷ó ê ñðîêó

provided/providing
I’ll water the plants provided I have time this afternoon – ß ïîëüþ ðàñòåíèÿ, áóäü ó ìåíÿ âðåìÿ äí¸ì

as/so long as
As long as you promise to be back by midnight, you can go to the party –
Ìîæåøü èäòè íà âå÷åðèíêó, åñëè îáåùàåøü âåðíóòüñÿ ê ïîëóíî÷è

on condition
He agreed to work Saturdays on condition that he was paid overtime –
Îí ñîãëàñèëñÿ ðàáîòàòü ïî ñóááîòàì ïðè óñëîâèè îïëàòû ñâåðõóðî÷íûõ

what if
What if he needs it? –
À âäðóã îíà åìó ïîíàäîáèòñÿ?

suppose/supposing
Suppose you were fired, what would you do? –
Âîò óâîëÿò òåáÿ, ÷òî áóäåøü äåëàòü?

Supposing you had been invited, would you have gone? –
Äîïóñòèì, ïðèãëàñèëè áû òåáÿ òîãäà – ïîø¸ë áû?

otherwise
Otherwise we’ll miss our flight – Èíà÷å ïðîïóñòèì ðåéñ

but for
But for your advice, I wouldn’t have been able to solve my problems –
Åñëè áû íå òâîé ñîâåò, ÿ áû òîãäà íå ðåøèë ñâîè ïðîáëåìû

or (else)
Don’t do that again or I’ll punish you –
Íå ñìåé ïîâòîðÿòü èëè íàêàæó

even if
I wouldn’t go to the party even if they invited me –
ß áû íå ïîø¸ë íà èõ âå÷åðèíêó äàæå ïî ïðèãëàøåíèþ

in case / the event (of)
In case of a fire, sound the alarm –
 ñëó÷àå ïîæàðà âêëþ÷èòå òðåâîãó