ÏÐÀÂÈËÀ ÓÏÎÒÐÅÁËÅÍÈß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÀÐÒÈÊËß "THE"

ÏÐÀÂÈËÀ ÓÏÎÒÐÅÁËÅÍÈß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÀÐÒÈÊËß "THE"
(Ïîëåçíî çíàòü êàæäîìó!)

1. Ïåðåä èñ÷èñëÿåìûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè, åñëè èç ñèòóàöèè/ïðåäøåñòâóþùåãî îïûòà/êîíòåêñòà ïîíÿòíî, î êàêîì ïðåäìåòå èëè ëèöå èäåò ðå÷ü.
Ïðèìåðû:
Please close the book. – Çàêðîéòå êíèãó, ïîæàëóéñòà. (Ñîáåñåäíèêó äîëæíî áûòü ÿñíî î êàêîé êíèãå èäåò ðå÷ü, èíà÷å ãîâîðÿùèé íå ìîã áû â äàííîì ñëó÷àå óïîòðåáèòü àðòèêëü the)
2. Ïåðåä ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì ñ îïðåäåëåíèåì, êîòîðîå óêàçûâàåò, î êàêîì èìåííî ïðåäìåòå èäåò ðå÷ü.
Ïðèìåðû:
Show me the magazine that I gave you 2 weeks ago. – Ïîêàæè ìíå æóðíàë, êîòîðûé ÿ äàëà òåáå 2 íåäåëè íàçàä.
3. Ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè, êîòîðûå îáîçíà÷àþò óíèêàëüíûå, åäèíñòâåííûå â ñâîåì ðîäå, ïðåäìåòû, ëèáî åäèíñòâåííûå â äàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ ïðåäìåòû.
Ïðèìåðû:
the sun, the moon, the sky, the Eiffel Tower
ÍÎ!
Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå Earth â çíà÷åíèè îäíîé èç ïëàíåò (êàê Venus – Âåíåðà èëè Saturn – Ñàòóðí) óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ áåç àðòèêëÿ è ïèøåòñÿ ñ áîëüøîé áóêâû, òàê êàê ñîãëàñíî ïðàâèëó íàçâàíèÿ ïëàíåò óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ áåç àðòèêëÿ.
4. Ïåðåä ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì, êîòîðîå îáîçíà÷àåò íå îòäåëüíûé ïðåäìåò, à âåñü êëàññ â öåëîì.
Ïðèìåðû:
The lion is a wild animal. – Ëåâ – äèêîå æèâîòíîå.
5. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè êèíîòåàòðîâ, îòåëåé, ìóçååâ, ãàëåðåé, ãàçåò è æóðíàëîâ, êîðàáëåé.
Ïðèìåðû:
the Odeon – êèíîòåàòð «Îäåîí»,
the Astoria – îòåëü «Àñòîðèÿ»,
Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå! Åñëè â íàçâàíèè ãîðîäñêîãî îáúåêòà (êèíîòåàòðà, îòåëÿ, ìóçåÿ, ãàëåðåè è ò.ä.) ïðèñóòñòâóåò íàçâàíèå íàñåëåííîãî ïóíêòà èëè èìÿ ÷åëîâåêà (îêàí÷èâàþùååñÿ íà –s èëè ‘s), òî àðòèêëü íå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ.
Ïðèìåðû:
St. Paul’s Cathedral – Ñîáîð ñâ. Ïàâëà
Madame Tussaud’s Museum – ìóçåé Ìàäàì Òþññî
London Zoo – Ëîíäîíñêèé çîîïàðê
Scotland Yard – Ñêîòëåíä-ßðä
6. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè ðåê, êàíàëîâ, ìîðåé, îêåàíîâ, ãðóïï îñòðîâîâ, ãîðíûõ öåïåé, ïóñòûíü, îçåð (åñëè îíè óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ áåç ñëîâà lake).
Ïðèìåðû:
the Dnepr – Äíåïð,
the Panama Canal – Ïàíàìñêèé êàíàë,
the Black Sea – ×åðíîå ìîðå,
the Pacific Ocean – Òèõèé îêåàí,
7. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè ñòðàí, ñîñòîÿùèìè èç áîëåå ÷åì îäíîãî ñëîâà:
Ïðèìåðû:
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – Ñîåäèíåíèå Êîðîëåâñòâî Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè è Ñåâåðíîé Èðëàíäèè,
the United States of America – the USA – Ñîåäèíåííûå Øòàòû Àìåðèêè
8. Cî ñëåäóþùèìè ñëîâàìè (êîãäà îíè óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ â êà÷åñòâå îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà ìåñòà):
Ïðèìåðû:
beach – ïëÿæ, cinema – êèíîòåàòð, city – ãîðîä, country(side) – ñåëüñêàÿ ìåñòíîñòü, ground – çåìëÿ è äð.
9. C ïðèëàãàòåëüíûìè only – òîëüêî, last – ïîñëåäíèé, first – ïåðâûé.
Ïðèìåðû:
It was the first time I was ever in love. – Ýòî áûëî âïåðâûå, êîãäà ÿ âëþáèëñÿ.
11. Ñ ñóáñòàíòèâèðîâàííûìè ïðèëàãàòåëüíûìè.
Ïðèìåðû:
the rich – áîãàòûå,
the young – ìîëîäåæü
12. Ñ ïðèëàãàòåëüíûìè â ïðåâîñõîäíîé ñòåïåíè.
Ïðèìåðû:
Nicole is the best friend. – Íèêîëü – ëó÷øàÿ ïîäðóãà.
13. Ñ ïîðÿäêîâûìè ÷èñëèòåëüíûìè.
Ïðèìåðû:
the first – ïåðâûé,
the second – âòîðîé,
14. Îïðåäåëåííûé àðòèêëü óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ñî ñëîâàìè morning – óòðî, afternoon – äåíü , evening – âå÷åð.
Ïðèìåðû:
in the morning – óòðîì,
15. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè ìóçûêàëüíûõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ.
Ïðèìåðû:
the piano – ïèàíèíî,
16. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè íàöèîíàëüíîñòåé.
Ïðèìåðû:
the Ukrainian – óêðàèíöû,
the Belorussian – áåëîðóñû,
17. Ñ ôàìèëèåé, êîãäà ðå÷ü èäåò î âñåé ñåìüå.
Ïðèìåðû:
the Petrovs – ñåìüÿ Ïåòðîâûõ,
the Browns – ñåìüÿ Áðàóíîâ è ò.ä.